PDA

View Full Version : Why do we fast? Reasons for the act



John Curtis Dunn
09-03-2003, 03:24 AM
Recently I was engaged in a brief conversation with a young man about the meaning and purpose of Lent.*This man had recently converted from Presbyterianism to Uniate Roman Catholicism.* The subject was introduced between us when he mentioned that he was giving up smoking for Lent.* He then asked me "What are you giving up
for Lent?* Without hesitation I replied, "Sin."

Somewhat shocked he stammered back, "But aren't you always supposed to be giving up sin?"* I replied, "Yes, but I don't seem to succeed very well."* This opened up our discussion of what is the purpose of Lent.* After he completed expounding his own understanding, he paused and asked, "What do you think?"* He was physically
stunned when I replied, "Your answer makes you a good Anglican."

"What do you mean? he replied, after gaining his composure.* It was apparent that he had thought that his being a Uniate Roman Catholic would mean that his approach to the fast would correspond to my Orthodox keeping of the fast.*After all, Uniatism is simply Orthodoxy with a twist of Papism, correct?

What is the purpose of the Fast?
*
The answer to this question as explained by the young man of the above story, is to describe the fast as "Giving up!"* This understanding of the fast is what prompted him to ask me, "What are you giving up for Lent?"* I answered his question, but did his question answer the more fundamental question, "What is the purpose of the Fast?"

His perspective identified the fast as a "giving up" of something.* In his account, he was giving up smoking, which as we have all been taught "is a good thing."* But his perspective fails to communicate the fullness of the Orthodox keeping of the fast. The purpose of the Fast is relatively simple, even if the keeping of it is a great struggle.*The purpose of the Fast is simply to teach us "obedience."* And because it is simply obedience which is required, we struggle to keep the fast.

A third participant entered into our conversation after I said, "Your answer makes you a good Anglican."* "But don't you give up meat during Lent?"* Again the purpose of the fast was being defined as a "giving up."* I answered, "Yes, and not only meat but also Dairy products including eggs."* The young man then replied, "Yes, that is
what you have to give up, but what are you personally giving up for the fast?"

His reply expressed what I believe is a symptomatic part of the malady of western man, a propensity towards individualism.* His question revealed that he was still searching for something which was eluding his grasp.* Not that he was himself cognizant of that which he was missing.* Indeed, his question almost touches the
purpose for the fast: "Yes, that is what you have to give up..."* This almost, but not quite expresses the Orthodox purpose of the fast.

In an above paragraph, I answered my own question by writing: "The purpose of the Fast is simply to teach us "obedience."*This is correct as far as it goes, but there is perhaps a more precise answer still available.* The Fast opens or reveals to us the path of salvation which is "obedience."* Our entering into the spirit of the Fast (which is obedience) is walking through the gates of that path which leads us to our triumph over death.* That which triumphs over death is "obedience."
*
Of course, it is not our path of obedience (for whom of us has truly obeyed) which leads us into our resurrection and triumph over death.* It is the path of our Lord Jesus Christ, it is His obedience and His Resurrection which grants to us our victory over the grave.* Yet, we must follow that path even while doing so imperfectly and often haltingly.* But the problem is not with the path, but with ourselves.* The path is narrow, but simple, which is to say it is well trodden and marked.* Along that path the Saints, who have traveled the path before us, have left many signs of their own struggle to walk in the way of obedience.* These signs show us that these were men and women of like passions with us, yet, they persevered in the path until the end of their earthly journey.* They have entered into the "Today is the day of Resurrection." And this is the end to which our journey through the Fast leads each of us.* For the Resurrection of all of mankind is in the Resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ.* For some that will be a Resurrection unto eternal life and to others a second death.*

But how does this differ from the meaning attributed to the fast by the two persons in the above story?*

Each of these were looking past simple obedience towards something "above and beyond the call of duty."* There is certainly nothing wrong with giving up smoking for Lent.* With smoking I have heard others speak of giving up any one or several of the following: chocolate, all sweets, caffeine, movies, television, alcohol, dancing, etc. Each of these may be a "good thing."* But there is a danger that a focus upon these can and may cloud the simplicity of the path of obedience.*

This is why I answered "Sin" to the question, "What are you giving up for Lent."* The
path of the Fast is always a path which leads us away from sin.* Certainly, if the other things which we give up assist us in keeping the Fast, then these are a "good thing."*However, I have said there is a malady in western man's approach to the Fast and identified it as his "propensity towards individualism."

These extra curricular rules added to the fast often reveal an individual's search for an
experience of God which is separate from the common unity of Orthodox experience. Many chaff at the idea that the Church has the authority to regulate our obedience to God. Often, (it seems to me) these extra curricular rules for the fast are a means to take back from the Church any obedience we have given her.* Yes, we will keep the rule of the fast (to abstain from meat and dairy products along with wine and oil), but
we create individual rules for ourselves, in order to retain a sense of individualism or self rule.* These private rules can give to us a sense of triumph or accomplishment which we then attribute as an experience of "drawing closer to God."*

This latter is dangerous, because it actually follows the path of Adam and Eve's disobedience.* It takes us out of the simple path of obedience, which leads us to the Resurrection of Christ, and puts us on a self made path which can and may confuse in us the experience of being made conformable to the image of Christ (an image of obedience).* Instead of being Resurrected in the image of Christ, we may find that we have created a Christ of our own imagination and conformed ourselves to an obedience of our own imagination.*

This latter path is quite prevalent among those who attempt to follow a rule of Lent outside of the Orthodox Church.* But, it is even possible for someone within the Church to fall into this trap and be lead out of the Fast of the Church into a Fast of their own making.* The path of obedience is the path open to us everyday, but this Fast given to us by the Church is open to us now, so that the Light of the Resurrection may illumine our minds more perfectly.* And by entering into and keeping the fast we are better prepared for the daily path of obedience which is
outside of the period of Great Lent.

May each who walks in this path be illumined by the light which is Christ.* And may we all arrive together to our common victory, "The Resurrection of Christ."

john

Thomas Garland
09-03-2003, 10:27 AM
Thank you, John, for this valuable thought to start us on the joyful journey of Great Lent.

Quite by coincidence, last night I was reading one of the 'Prayers from the Lake' of St Nikolai of Ochrid (Bishop Nikolai Velimirovich) and it seems very relevant to this season. It may also be relevant to Dianna's recent query on another thread.

Repent of your ways, inhabitants of the earth. Behold, the eye of the Master of the world is keeping watch deep within you. Do not trust your seducible eyes, let the Eye illumine your way. Your eyes are curtains over the Eye of God.

Repentance is admission of the way of sin. Repentance opens up a new way. The penitent's eyes are open to two ways: to the way which he is going, and to the way he should be going.

There are more who feel repentant than there are who turn their wheels onto a new way. I tell you: the penitent must have two types of courage--he must have the courage to weep over his old way, and he must have the courage to prepare himself for a new way.

What good is it for you to feel repentant and still tread the old way? How do you describe a person who is drowning and shouts for help, but when help arrives will not grab hold of the life line? I liken such a person to you.

Repent of your yearning for this world and all that is in this world. For this world is the graveyard of your ancestors, which is gaping and waiting for you. Just a little longer and you will be ancestors and will yearn to hear the word "repentance," but you will not hear it.

Just as the wind begins blowing and carries off the mist before the sun, so will death carry you off before the face of God.

Repentance rejuvenates the heart and lengthens one's lifetime. The tears of a penitent wash darkness from his eyes, and give his eyes a childlike radiance. The eye of my lake is like the eye of a deer, always moist and radiant as a diamond. In truth, the moisture in the eyes drains the anger in the heart.

The soul in the penitent is like a new moon. A full moon must wane, a new moon must wax.

The penitent clears the weeds from the field of his soul, and the seed of goodness begins to grow.

Truly, the penitent is not one who laments over the evil deed he has committed, but one who laments over all the evil deeds that he is capable of committing. A wise landowner not only cuts the thornbush that has pricked him, but every thornbush on the field that is waiting to prick him.

O my Lord, make haste to show a new way to every penitent, after he scorns his old way.

O heavenly Mother, Bride of the All-Holy Spirit, bow down toward our heart, when we repent. Open the fountain of tears within us, that we may wash away the heavy clay, that saddens our eyes.

O All-Holy Spirit, blow and disperse the unclean stench from the soul of the penitent that has been choking him and lead him to repentance.

We bow down and beseech You, O Life-giving and Mighty Spirit!

(Prayers from the Lake XVIII, in Treasury of Serbian Orthodox Spirituality, Vol V, 1999: Serbian Orthodox Metropolitanate of New Gracanica).

This is also available on line here (http://www.sv-luka.org/library).

with love,

Thomas

John Curtis Dunn
09-03-2003, 02:38 PM
Often when I offer praise to God, I am found to be committing sin, for while I sing the hymns with my tongue, in my soul I ponder evil thoughts. But through repentance, Christ my God, set right my tongue and soul, and have
mercy upon me. (4th penitential stichera of Third tone, Repentance Sunday Vespers)

"And his lord, having been provoked to anger, delivered him up to the tormentors, until he should pay all that was owed to him. Thus shall My Father, the heavenly ONE, do to you also, unless each one of you from your hearts forgive his brother their trespasses. (Mt. 18:35)

"Those who work feebly and carelessly may go through the motions of making great efforts, but they harvest no fruit, because they undergo no suffering. According to the prophet, unless our loins are broken, weakened by the labor of fasting, unless we under go an agony of contrition, unless we suffer like a woman in travail, we shall not succeed in bring to birth the spirit of salvation in the ground of our heart", for it is written: 'We must through
many tribulations enter the kingdom of God' (Acts 14:22)" (Curing the heart, Orthodox Psychotherapy, pg. 181. 182)

Why am I angry when my brother seems to so quickly offend me? Why, after forgiving am I incited by impatience to express angrily, "You are always doing....." or "I have told you I am offended by this and yet you keep on doing....."

Beyond the excuses from the stresses of daily living; beyond the forgetfulness of my former forgiveness or the forgetfulness of my own sins....I see the laziness of my soul to plow deep into my heart and plant the seed of the Gospel warning.

Why these frightful warnings? These may be compared to a fertilizer mixed with a weed killer. This fear that God shall do likewise to me, as the man's master did to him is a poison which if applied alone to the soul could kill
even the plant of our salvation. But when carefully blended with the promises of a good harvest to all who plant and cultivate righteousness and holiness in the fear of God, it can reduce the labor of pulling weeds (asking
forgiveness after giving offenses) from around the plant, which loosens the soil and may wound the root and stalk of the more precious planting.

May God grant all a deep plow as together we cut the furrows through our hearts to plant the seed of forgiveness deep within our souls.

All from whom I have taken offense; all from whom I have found justification for my being offended, I ask to forgive me. To All whom I have offended and been the cause of offense, I ask that you forgive me.

I knowingly hold no grudges, I knowingly embrace no offense. In all exchanges with me through which offenses have been occasioned, I am at fault, both for my being and giving offense.

o<--z (bowing down)

john

patergeorgos
10-03-2003, 07:53 PM
The Desert Fathers on Fasting--a few gems from Orthodoxy's vast treasure trove of life-everlasting food:

Dialogue of Sts. Barsanuphis & John (6th Cent., Palestine):

"Concerning fasting, do not grieve, as I have said to you before: God does not demand of anyone labors beyond his strength. And indeed, what is fasting if not a punishment of the body in order to humble a healthy body and make it infirm for passions, according to the word of the Apostle: "When I am weak, then am I strong" (II Corinthians 12:10). And disease, more than this, is a punishment and takes the place of fasting and even more – for one who bears it with patience, thanks God, and through patience receives the fruit of his salvation; for instead of weakening his body by fasting, he is already sick without that. Give thanks to God that you have been delivered from the labor of fasting. Even if you will eat ten times in a day, do not grieve; you will not be judged for this, for you are doing this not at the demon’s instigation, and not from the weakening of your thought; but rather, this occurs to us for our testing and for profit to the soul."


Abba John the Short said, "If a king wants to take a city whose citizens are hostile, he first captures the food and water of the inhabitants of the city, and when they are starving subdues them. So it is with gluttony. If a man is earnest in fasting and hunger, the enemies which trouble his soul will grow weak."
Abba Nilus said, "Prayer is the seed of gentleness and the absence of anger."

We came from Palestine to Egypt and went to see one of the fathers. He offered
us hospitality and we said, "Why do you not keep the fast when visitors come
to see you? In Palestine they keep it." He replied, "Fasting is always with me
but I cannot always have you here. It is useful and necessary to fastbut we
choose whether we will fast or not. What God commands is perfect love. I
receive Christ in you and so I must do everything possible to serve you with
love. When I have sent you on your way, then I can continue my rule of
fasting. The sons of the bridegroom cannot fast while the bridegroom is with
them; when he is taken away from them, then they will fast."

"The work of fasting and vigil is the beginning of every endeavor directed against sin and lust, especially in the case of a man who fights against the sin which is within. This practice shows hatred of sin and lust in the doer of this invisible warfare. Almost all passionate impulses decrease through fasting.

Brent Rollings
22-03-2003, 12:56 AM
Why is the first week of Lent called Clean Week?

Fr Averky
22-03-2003, 02:44 AM
Brent,
From what I know, the First Week of Great Lent is called "Clean Week," because first, having stopped eating meat on Meat Fare Sunday, then giving up eating dairy products on Cheese Fare Sunday, we begin the fast by eating very little. It is an monastic custom, still maintained by many Greek monasteries, that the monks do not eat or drink anything for the first days. In our monastery, we have some 11 hours of services, starting at 5:00 a.m. and continuing on until 1:30 p.m., with only a twenty minute break. We then have a meal of boiled potatoes, pickled beets, sour cabbage (ugh!), bread and tea. We then rest until 6:00p.m., when the Great Canon is read. The spirit of the First Week is to prepare us for the forty days of fasting, just as Our Saviour fasted for forty days before He was to start His service to His Father. Also, the forty days fast is our spiritual "tithe," a little more than 10% of the 365 days of the year. Also, we want to try to clean our hearts and souls, by fasting, praying, and going to confession and by receiving Communion I pray that this will help you

Fr. A.