Greek language & theology: what is the relationship?

[Mina Monir]

in fact , i have a question , I'm wondering why orthodox theological colleges and institutes teach greek ... all over the world.. and here in egypt too. is the difference ver big in reading and understanding scriptures in greek to any language else?

is it more accurate? or just because the new testment was originally written in greek? some one please tells me more about greek importance

[Theopesta]

Dear brother MINA
with my poor knowledge and experiance the greek is nearly the most accurate language and each word carry deep and rich meaning.
all our father had written their writtings with it,
if you read the NT in GREEK truly it is different from english and arabic.

I am sure there are many blessed fathers, mothers brothers and sisters HERE can speak with more excilent than me in this point.

the original greek theological writtings more safe than the english translation in giving not only the truth but the deep meaning as in the mind of the fathers

the arabic very poor in giving the accurate meaning and very poor senstive to the theological christian terminology

I will wait to read more from our blessed members
in CHRIST

[Theopesta]

http://www.geocities.com/alexandrosworld/Greek/Home.html

This language of beauty is one of the best documented languages in the world. There is direct knowledge about this language of time period of 3000 years. Its beauty lies in the air and on paper

I think anyone want to be more senstive in his understanding to BIBLE to fathers try to learn even something about this beautiful language
pray for me

this is the prayer of "our father in the heaven"

[Mina Monir]

thanks sister Theopesta ... it is enough that this language has the accuracy to describe nature of our god and lord jesus christ , using the very very deep adjective 'mia' physis ... mia does not have any translation in any language else ... it means composite one .. or one from two ... this is why st. Cyril used this language . I bought from youth bishopric (oskofeyyet el shabaab) library a book of 1000 pages teaches greek language , written by dr.Mourice tadros and H.E Metropolitan Bishoy , it has a big grammar structure , in the Introduction , H.E metrop. Bishoy mentioned some verses which have different meaning in greek than when you read it in arabic , for example

" yasoo3 al masee7 bad2 al 7'aleeka"

in greek ,the word 'bad2'(beginning in english) is replaced by the word 'Archi' ... archi is not bad2 , it doesnot mean the beginning i.e. before adam! 'archi' means the head or lord or (ra's in arabic)... but I was asking myself ... do I need to study greek really? how much is better and more accurate ? does it cost to devote a big time to study this language? that's why I was asking here between my brothers who know greek to tell me how much is great and accurate in bible reading when I know greek. thanks sister theopsta.

in Christ
Mina .

[M.C. Steenberg]

Dear friends,

Above was written:


it is enough that this language has the accuracy to describe nature of our god and lord jesus christ , using the very very deep adjective 'mia' physis ... mia does not have any translation in any language else ... it means composite one .. or one from two ... this is why st. Cyril used this language.

The question of language itself, and the question of language as shaped by theological usage and expression in particular contexts, are not the same. The Greek word mia, does not mean composite, nor one-from-two; it means simply and straightforwardly 'one'. That such a one as Cyril of Alexandria used it to speak of the incarnate reality of Jesus Christ as one reality from two natural realms, the divine and the human, does not mean that the term mia itself implies this, and indeed Cyril's use of 'one' (mia) implies his overall view only when combined with sesarkomene, 'incarnate' -- it is the phrase 'one incarnate nature' that suggests the notion of hypostatic union that Cyril favoured (though he would never have called this 'composite', which was his standard categorisation of Nestorius!).

The only time that the use of mia has linguistic significance beyond its straightforward meaning of 'one', is when it is held in comparison with monos, another term that can mean 'one' but more properly means 'alone'. To say that Christ is 'monophysite' rather than 'miaphysite' is to suggest that there is a sole and singular natural reality, either to the exclusion or diminution of the other (i.e. a modified form of Apollinarianism), or to the 'absorption' or assumption of one into the other (as per the supposed claims of Eutyches). To suggest that Christ is miaphysite is most often a harking back to Cyril's language and expression, which is of a singular incarnate hypostasis of two natural realities/realms.

INXC, Matthew

[Leandros Papadopoulos]

Dear Friends,

There are thousands of text written in Greek regarding philosophy, science, arts, and theology.

As a Greek I know that the heritage of Greek language has a profound significance for the world.

But when the issue of language in Christian faith was surfaced, the Orthodox Church provided the following resolution: each people should worship God in its own language. In this context (going through contradicted political turmoil) St Cyril and St Methodius invented the Cyrillic alphabet and taught the Slavic nation how to read and write in order to preserve their language in the liturgical Christian rituals and in reading the Christian documents.

The see of Rome insisted that there are three holy languages the Greek, the Latin and the Hebrew and that they are the only ones that are allowed to be used in theology and in rituals. This false idea is rejected by the Eastern Orthodox Church.

In every accredited theological school every student has to learn Hebrew, Greek and Latin because theses are the languages that the original texts of Christian written documentation were written. So, scholars have to learn these three languages in order to study and to present the authentic texts according to scientific methodology.

For the rest of the Christians, there are many good translations and critical editions that present the same Christian documents just like the authentic text.

We must also understand that the Greek language was used by the Church Fathers because at the time it was a universal language. If they lived in the 20th century, I think, they would use English, or French in the 19th century for that matter.

By that I do not underestimate the Greek language, which is one of the most perfect languages, if not the most perfect.

In recent centuries the authenticity is being identified with originality. This is a false idea of protestant/scholastic world that in the absence of living authenticity they substitute it with the possession of “originality”.

So, I personally suggest getting good translation. Even when the translations are not so good, their imperfection is completed into perfection within the Church life and in partaking into the Sacraments.

For those that are willing to learn Greek or Hebrew or Latin I wish to them to pursue the possession of the Spirit, because without Him the reading is a reading of dead words, but in Him the reading is Light and Life.

The monastic life is devoted to uncover the traps of the devil, so the monks and nuns are constantly using the study of patristic texts as their guide for everyday life and practice. In their need for detailed and specific guidance they are using the Orthodox tradition, parts of which are the documents of our faith. Their study is defined by their spiritual fathers, so others are using translations and others are learning to study the original language, depending on their linguistic talent.

Having said that, we must keep in our heart that when an issue is coming up, the original text may provide the answer that we seek. But in any case the answer is to be found within the Church as a living body of Christ and not in the pages of any book, no matter how "holy" this book may be. The answers in our lives are to be found in the loving, honest, personal relation with the others and with God.

As St Paul has said: Do we begin again to commend ourselves? Or do we need, as some others, epistles of commendation to you or letters of commendation from you? You are our epistle written in our hearts, known and read by all men; clearly you are an epistle of Christ, ministered by us, written not with ink but by the Spirit of the living God, not on tablets of stone but on tablets of flesh, that is, of the heart. And we have such trust through Christ toward God. Not that we are sufficient of ourselves to think of anything as being from ourselves, but our sufficiency is from God, who also made us sufficient as ministers of the new covenant, not of the letter but of the Spirit; for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life. (2 Corinthians 3:1-6) (http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2%20Corinthians%203:1-6;&version=50;)

God bless us, all.

[Anthony]

Nice post, Leandros.


The see of Rome insisted that there are three holy languages the Greek, the Latin and the Hebrew and that they are the only ones that are allowed to be used in theology and in rituals. This false idea is rejected by the Eastern Orthodox Church.

I think this idea had some currency at the time in both East and West (the idea coming from the languages of the inscription on the cross). It was however actually rejected by the Papacy, inasmuch as it blessed Cyril and Methodius' mission.

[Leandros Papadopoulos]

this is the prayer of "our father in the heaven"

Sister Theopesta,

Thank you for the attachement.

I liked it, although this is a polyphonic execution, which is not used in our church.

[Theopesta]

QUATION:


In recent centuries the authenticity is being identified with originality. This is a false idea of protestant/scholastic world that in the absence of living authenticity they substitute it with the possession of “originality”.

please I want to discern more:
1- what the wrong in protestant/scholastic world idea

2- what is mention by: in the absence of living authenticity they substitute it with the possession of “originality”.

[Theopesta]

Dear All:
can I say the GREEK as a language used by:
1- philosophers
2- holy fathers by the possession holy spirit only
3- heretics by arrogent mind seperated from the gudance of the holy spirit in general and individual levels.

the 3 gps. may used the same words but in what, how, by what mention?

can I say only those have pure heart even they simple can discern between the 3 kinds?

I will take a blessing from correction
in ONE CHRIST

[Mina Monir]

dear Mathew and members ,
in fact , I did not mean by composite , the nestoriam meaning... I know that the concept (enosees kath hebostasin) according to St. Cyril means union between natures(physis) in one simple (prosopon). and Nestor suggested prosopic conjoining (senafeyya)...all what I wanted to say is that in St. Cyril miaphysite terminology , we can find an accuracy in the meaning ... there are many languages , tough and not accurate (Such as arabic) cannot translate many greek words... when the arab invasion happened in 641 , (Amr ibn el Aas ) the arabian head of soldiers went to ask father khail (who was managing the see of alexandria in the time our chalcedonian friends exiled HH anba Binjamin to force him to accept the tome of leo) told him what does the word theo Logo mean in arabic ... father khail did not know arabic . so , the arabian translators and cultured failed to translate it . this caused trouble here!
any way , I remember that I read a paper by prof. father John Romanides , he said in it that the problem of the tome of leo was that it was written in latin , and latin is not strong and accurate like greek. that caused trouble for non-chalcedonians to understand it ... in the geneva oo-eo official dialogue , Fthr John Romanides stressed on the fact the the OO should re-read the tome in eastern orthodox interpretation because one of the problems in the tome was that leo did not use important greek terms like enwsis kath hypostasin , one from two (out of ).. and more. that interpretation of Fthr.John made me asking , why it was greek ... out of the field of christology , I read in many books a famous notation : you should get back to the greek text .. for example : "in greek text : "let it be not my desire , but yours." in arabic translation : 'let it be not my desire but yours.' the core of problem is that jesus said :'my will'. the greek the term has two meanings, desire and decision . so , scientifically speaking , the greek text allows this interpretation. " I read this in a book about the will issure of the christ. that's why I think (and it is only an opinion) ... theology generally must be known in greek , and then we translate it to the other languages.
I think greek deserves to be studied ... however it is little close to coptic.
note : I want to say -and specially to friend leandros- we are not monothelites ... we believe that there is a natural will (desire) and energy for both natures after the Hypostatic union in the Miaphysis tou theo logo sesarkomeny.

thanks sis. theopesta for you attachment.
and I hope I could take your suggestions and opinions around this topic...and specifficaly in the point of : the deep meaning of the verse in greek.this is a quotation from a lecture of H.E metropolitan Bishoy about the will issue ... it includes the points between the EO AND OO full agreement about the Christ's will : In the first agreement the following is stated:

The real union of the divine with the human, with all properties and functions of the uncreated divine nature, including natural will and natural energy inseparably and unconfusedly united with the created human nature with all its properties and functions, including natural will and natural energy…It is the Logos incarnate Who is the subject of all willing and acting of Jesus Christ.

<font size="+1">In the second agreement, it is more clear:

The one hypostasis of the Logos incarnate is always Who is acting and willing.. </font>

It is the Logos incarnate Who is the subject of all willing and acting of Jesus Christ. In other words all willing and acting are from one person. But, sometimes He acts according to His divinity; and sometimes according to His humanity. Thus the human natural will did not cease to exist, and also divine energies and human energies did not cease to exist.&#34;

in christ.
Mina

[Theopesta]

blessed young zealous Mina
In the specific topic chalcedonians and Non-Chalcedonians my post no. 105 I wrote what I know and study, If you want to know more read

{JOHN OF DAMASCUS: AN EXACT EXPOSITION OF THE ORTHODOX FAITH, BOOK II
CHAPTER XXII.
Concerning Passion and Energy. the early church Fathers, volume xxxii}

if you have time and ability to study greek very well mix the desire with humilty you will understand what the REV, dr. Matth. and the Brother Leandros said very well.

if you not have time to learn greek and search on how each father use his specific words to express his specfic theology you can read the english translations.

truly as I read in the previous posts if the arabic cannot express the depth of the text but the depth present in the life of church.

when we lose our language in the 7th century the church depend on the work of holy spirit in oral tradations which is carried in the breaths of the preisthood

this is my thoughts I don&#39;t know it is upright and orthodox or not

I accept every correction.

in ONE CHRIST.

[Leandros Papadopoulos]

There is a wise man, the Archbishop of Albania, Anastasios of Tirana, who was in mission in Africa before he was ordained as Archbishop of Albania. This blessed hierarch in one of his books he says that one of the biggest omissions of the orthodox pastoral procuration is the lack of Arabic translation and Arabic bibliographical consolidation of our faith with the Arab speaking Christianity.

This omission has its historical explanation but nevertheless it is a barrier that has to be broken down if we want to share our lives.

But the core of the problem is not the “expression” of faith. The syntactic and grammar diversification is not the main issue. The issue is the Church life. My grand-grandfather was a priest in a small village by the sea of Pontus Euxinus. The village had Greek residents for over three thousand years but it was under Ottoman occupation (muslim Turkish empire) for four centuries. The Greeks were under constant pressure from the occupational forces to alter their national customs and to change their religion. This people, the native Greeks that lived in the Pontus Euxinus, manage to survive because they were living a tradition that was not just an expressed reality but it was a living reality. They were being “fed” with cultural myths and they were being “sustained” by participated in the sacraments of the Church. They missed the deep theology and they fail to hold the art of expressing the faith but they remained faithful to the weightier matters of the law: justice and mercy and faith (Matthew 23:23) (http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2023:23;&version=50;)

This is now, as it was then, our only hope to “survive” as Christians: to be faithful to “justice and mercy and faith” at times that everything else is missing.

May God bless us, all.

[Anthony]

Dear Leandros,

Do you know anything about the Greek Orthodox in Asia Minor who abandoned Greek for Turkish while remaining Orthodox &#40;though I believe they are not in regular communion with the EP, whether or not this was the reason&#41;? I think they are also known as &#34;Karamanlidhes&#34;.

[Leandros Papadopoulos]

Yes Anthony, there is a web site about the Kappadokeans/Karamanlidhes: http://www.kappadokes.gr/english/home_en.htm

They were Greek Christians that were forced to replace their greek language with the turkish. Most of them became refugees during the Ottoman empire colapse, produced by the western european forces, at the second decade of the 20th century. They are people with strong orthodox tradition.

At the &#34;guest book&#34; pages of the above site, among other greek messages, there is the following english message:

Hi,
i am from Turkey my grandparents came from Greece &#40;Grevena Kivotos&#41;. Now we are living at yesilburc village, at north of nigde. 5 km far from city centre. Greeks were used to live in our village before 1923. I think village&#39;s name was Dene before 1923 but i am not sure. I would like to know where, habitants of our village has gone? where they live in Greek now? I would like to know the history of my village and around. There is a church in my village what it&#39;s name? if anyone could answer my questions i would be glad. I hope we will meet one day.

This message was published by a Turk citizen &#40;of greek origin&#41; that lives today at the region and for those who know how to read beyond the lines it is very interesting that after those years orthodox tradition&#39;s &#34;breath&#34; is still found in the hearts of the people as memories of the old days - and even the ruins of a church makes people wonder about the christians that were present there before -almost- 100 years.

May God bless us, all.

[Mina Monir]

dear Sister Theopesta , broth. Leandros and members

being copt, and the struggle of alexandrian orthodox church to keep its hymns, writings and its practices in coptic was the greatest thing... coptic language and original coptic and greek texts prevented us from the obvious faults in the arabic (Van Dyck) protestant translations . for example, our protestant brothers denied seven books from the old testments , and published their famous arabic translation version (van dyck) without the second canonical books . and more , they changed some verses in the new testment to be suitable with their own beliefs . for example , some verses prove how saint mary the theotokos is holy saint and full of grace , they changed the verses to deny this fact. also , in the official dialogue of Oriental Orthodox churches and reformes and lutharians in the MECC (middle east council churches ) , reformers denied that there is the word (priest ) in the new testment supports the sacrament of priesthood, and they returned in their suppose to the english and arabic translations . HE metropolitan bishoy stressed on getting back to the greek original texts , they found words (Erufs) which means a priest I think in greek.

conclusion : the problem is not only in the arabic translation , but also in the protestant role in this translation... that's why I thank god for coptic and apostolic roots which keep the original text in manuscripts ... and in the liturgical practices.

I put a hymn which is half coptic and half greek.. many parts of coptic liturgy -and ofcourse the famous St.Gregory the theo logo 's liturgy - contains hymns in greek language and coptic pharaonic style like (obateer , golgothat) and ek'ezmaro'oot which I send it.

in Christ.
Mina

[nurse-aid]

none of yours or teopesta files are not working...at list for me, on my com[uter...sorry!

[Anthony]

Thank you, Leandros, for this very interesting information and link. The thoroughness of the Turkicization of Asia Minor has always been one of history&#39;s riddles to me.

I also had in mind another story, though I may have got it in garbled form; of a &#34;Turkish Orthodox&#34; church which &#40;the version goes&#41; was excommunicated by the EP for doing the services in Turkish. This suggests that, at least in some circles, Turkish is not considered an appropriate language for Orthodox worship, an idea which has implications for the subject of this thread &#40;and which I personally find worrying&#41;.

[Mina Monir]

dear sis. Nurse ,
my file and sis. theopesta&#39;s one can work on Real player... I hope you can reach this program.
dear brother Anthony,
If you permit to me to share your discussion with leandros about the turkish orthodox issue, firstly, would you please tell me what does the abbreviation EP mean?
secondly , I believe &#40;and it is an individual opinion can be corrected &#41; that excommunicating a church for using a certain language -whatever this language even if it is turkish or ARABIC!- it is not a right faithfull decision, excommuniaction must be on one reason ... heresy and leaving the right faith ... we must put a side personal and political factors. for example, Chalcedonian Schism was for a pure political reason , Leo of rome want to unite with constantinople to face attilla the mad king who was going to invade rome. and egypt paid the invoice... for thousands of years we are considered monophysites... however we condemned eutiches and monophysitism before chalcedon itself... we always defended for Cyrillian terminology ... but politics and papacy of leo were stronger. back to the Turkish orthodox church&#39;s issue, in praying , we must use the language that we practise and think with ... for example , 1400 years of islamic invasion , muslims failed to change the copts to arabian identity and religion ... arabians here are from different nationalities...you can imagine there are indians and irani&#39;s families took the egyptian nationality!! beside syrians, arabians , algerians ... we use coptic language in our prayers through hymns handled from more than 2000 years... Golgotha hymn for example , its sound returns back to the time of izees and ozorees pharaonic gods!! but the words are changed to christian words ... but &#40;Agbya&#41; which is the hours prayer books is used in arabic .. we read the psalms and parts in arabic because &#40;Al haakem be amr allah&#41; in the tenth century cut our tongues and borke the crosses over the churches to force us to use arabic ... that&#39;s why the majority of copts are bilingual by default ... we use arabic language also in many parts of the gregory liturgy , because we talk to god.... and put a side the political cercumstances... here, someone may ask , if you left the political circumstances , why you still use coptic ?! I say because it is important for an 2000 years of hymns written in coptic! and there is a very heavy and great Christian heritage documented in coptic ... and we are copts as a second reason.
so, I believe maybe the turkish orthodox church uses turkish for the same coptic circumstances... we must pity for these minorities.. not attack them. I hope some one correct my ideas if there is something wrong as I said before , I don&#39;t know well the turkish issue .and thanks in advance.
Yours in Christ
Mina

[Anthony]

Dear Mina,

Thank you for your comments, which I agree with, though I can understand that this might be a sensitive topic. But I also emphasize that I may have got the story wrong to start with, which is why I started by asking for information.

Anthony

[Leandros Papadopoulos]

Dear friends,

In Cappadocia, the place where a great number of Christian Saints and teachers of the Christian faith had lived in the past, the Turks as occupational power over the region made in the 17th century a governmental decision for the native Greek people “either to lose their language or to lose their Christian religion”&#40;this was one of the various expression of the Turkish plan for the genocide of Greeks&#41;. After being advised by their priests the people had chosen to keep the religion and to abandon the language of their fathers. By the thousands Greeks of Cappadocia stopped using the Greek language. Some generations later, nobody could understand Greek. But they were using the Greek alphabet in writing the Turkish language. There are books, saved by refugees, especially Evangels that were written in this peculiar written form. Some of those were saved by St Arseny of Farasa the Cappadocian. This language is called “Karamanlidiki”.

The important thing is that these people were not islamized. They kept their Christian faith. Their priests officiated the sacraments in Greek, the Turkish speaking Greek psalts were singing in Greek without understanding the meaning of the words, and the laity did not understand the language at all. They understood only Turkish. But they remain for the long hours of the service in the Church and they took part in the sacraments and they remain faithful to their customs and to their traditions and just by doing this they did not lose their ethnic and religion identity.

This kind of peculiar Christianity gave birth to Christians of the statue of St Arseny of Farasa, of elder Paisios who became a monk at the Mount Athos and a spiritual father of many and of the late Father John Romanidis one of the greatest theologians of our times.

The theologian that is giving regular lectures in our parish – in a theological seminar for the men of our parish – comes from this region and he is spiritual child of elder Paisios. His grandmother spoke only Turkish and his family is bilingual, speaking Greek and Turkish. His family now lives in Greece and their presence is the alive proof that “Indeed, the water Christ gives to people become in them a spring of water welling up to eternal life” &#40;John 4:14&#41;

This is a miracle beyond logic: how those many generations of people kept their faith alive under those circumstances without even understanding the language of the Church!

As for Churches that did the service in Turkish, and that were excommunicated by the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople because of that, I have no information. It may be part of cultural myths, or it may be a historical fact. It seems to me that it is a cultural myth created in order to keep the Greek language in Church service.

May God bless us, all.

[Anthony]

Dear Leandros,

Thank you for this account, which is, as you say, miraculous.

It could be that I have been taken in by a false story - in which case forgive me for perpetuating it.

Anthony

[Leandros Papadopoulos]

A book that proclaims that "Hebrew is Greek" (http://www.grecoreport.com/hebrew_is_greek.htm) was written by lawyer, linguist and researcher, Joseph Yahuda.

I do not have this book, but I have found some samples from pages that I have attached in a zip file (almost 2 Mbytes in size, so if you have small bandwidth connection with the internet it will take some time to be received).

I do not know Hebrew and I do not know if this book is the result of a serious scientific research. It looks interesting though.

[John P. Nasou]

I had heard of this book some 8 years ago and was unable to purchase a = copy anywhere. Few libraries have it. But I asked my Senator &#40;a = Greek-American&#41; to obtain a loan of it from the Library of Congress = which he was pleased to do. I perused the pages which did not involve = knowledge of Hebrew or Arabic. His argument seems to have validity. It = is a shame that some group&#39;s great effort was made to remove most of the = 8000 copies printed from circulation.=20

[Mina Monir]

I don&#39;t know hebrew too.. but from knowing arabic , I can understand many words of hebrew when I hear them . arabic and hebrew have the same semetic source.
Arabic is a tough language , not easy to be learnt even for arabians themselves! but in vain, it is rich of vocabulary and grammar, but difficult in application. a dutch protestant called &#40;Van Dyck&#41; began to retranslate the bible to arabic, he fell into some mistakes, but he insisted to do it to prove protestant ideas , the great financial support from europe and USA helped him to spread his own translation beginning from Lebanon to the other Middle East regions ... to Egypt. in Egypt there was a clash between arabic copies written by copts who translated from Original texts from Coptic and Greek. these original texts got back to the first to fourth centuries, so, the translation was accurate. unfortunatly, through the great financial support and islamic support during Ottman occupation &#40;which worked on erasing the national identities in its territories ... and you know protestantism is a double edged weapon&#41; van dyck spread his copy in egypt. and now , in lebanon and egypt there is a protestant organization called &#40;Bible society&#41; spread this copy all over egypt the arabic-talking world. Jehovah witnesses also have their own translation which works on denying divinity of our lord and god Christ. they tried to spread it here, but the church stopped it and the government supported the church &#40;for the first time!!&#41; against this crypto-jew copy. now , in Egypt there is no jehovah witness , and one hungarian adventist church which no coptic attends it. but the issue of language is important. here as a summary I want to say that : internal reasons and doctrines control the language in translation.
That&#39;s why we trust in the old scriptures written in very old languages : Greek , Coptic , Syriac &#40;from aramaic&#41; , Heberew and Latin.

[Theopesta]

quation from hebrew is greek:
{biblical Hebrew is camouflaged greek -in grammer as well as in vocabulary-}

with my poor experience I analyse many of the old testament hebrew words and study it from its origin with help of analytical lexicons

what present in this book not identical with the real practical

if I am mistaken or misunderstand I will be blessed with correcrion

[Mina Monir]

sister theopesta , what do you study?
enty 7&#39;aadema?

[Theopesta]

YOUG ZEALOUS MINA you can read the profil I am a coptic nun I have a search for a master from the coptic Institute, my name in monaticism is THEOPESTA this my true monastic name, I am not a tasoni or 7&#39;aadema
I need the internet because I find all what I need from box or searchs without need to leave my cell KELLIA
in one christ
I hope to all of us new spritual year

[Mina Monir]

salawaatek ya ommy ... salleely ...

[Anthony]

I do not know Hebrew and I do not know if this book is the result of a serious scientific research. It looks interesting though.

Thank you Leandros for raising another interesting question. I haven't had time to look through the zip files, but read the html link. For what it's worth I don't have the impression many historical linguists would accept the idea being put forward, and would recommend a large pinch of salt.

[Mina Monir]

I read in some academic references that when the emperor inivted jewish wise men to translate the OT ... the septaugent, they found the greek as a great language and settled in alexandria , they affected on the language itself . for example , they put the tones &#40;symbols put on the letter to be able to say it long or short , strongly or weakly&#41; . and because of the native languages&#39; effect like coptic and syriac and hebrew on greek ,greek was called &#40;koiny&#41; which means the common language.
references;
-j. H. Thayer , greek-english lexicon of thr new testament , hendrikson publishers, June 1996
-Barclay newman Jr, Greek-English concise dictionary of the new testament , 1971 by the united bible society
CCAT University of pennsylvania