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Byron Jack Gaist
27-12-2007, 02:31 PM
Dear all,

Yesterday I had the good fortune to visit a medieval church in the Nicosia district, known as Panagia Asinou (1105/6 AD), a world heritage monument protected by UNESCO (some general photographs may be viewed here: http://campus.belmont.edu/honors/Cyprus/Asinou.html).

It interested me to discover that on one of the colourful walls of this ancient building, there were iconic representations of "earth"(Gr. "Gi") and "sea" (Gr. "Thalassa").

I was particularly struck by the mural icon representing "earth", which consists of a male figure seated on a lion (not St Mamas, and not St Gerasim of Jordan). In his hands this male figure held a serpent by the tail in his left hand, which formed an arc over the man's head. The serpent appeared to be drinking from a cup, which the man was also holding up in his right hand. There were snakes in the rest of the picture (friendly-looking squiggly ones, not the hellish variety which could be seen in other icons of the Last Judgment etc on the other walls), as well as other creatures wild and domesticated. The Bible of course reveals to us that man is God's most precious creation, and He gave man "dominion over the fish of the sea, and the birds of the air, and over the cattle and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth" (Genesis 1:26).

Unfortunately, the guide in the church couldn’t say very much about this image, other than the obvious fact, written in Byzantine Greek on the image itself, that it is a representation of “earth”; nor does the tourist booklet containing the history of the church do more than mention the image in passing. Yet I am deeply fascinated, because today I discovered that the image of a snake drinking from a cup is a symbol of Hygeia, the ancient Greek goddess of health and daughter of Asclepius; hence this image may also be found adorning pharmacists' shops worldwide. The actual cup which is drawn on the image looked much like a chalice for Holy Communion, but of course that’s stretching things rather wildly. Can it however, be a coincidence that another figure depicted on an adjacent wall of the same church is St Anastasia the “Farmakolytria” (Anastasia the Curer, provider of antidotes to poisons), who is not such a common saint to find on church walls?

The area surrounding the church was inhabited around 1400 B.C. by Greeks from Peloponnesus, the "Asinoi". The church is dedicated to Panagia “Forviotissa”, and it seems that it was the catholicon of a monastic complex (which has since disappeared) known as the monastery of the “forvioi”. Yet the guide also mentioned something about the etymological root of the name “forviotissa” as linked to an herb with therapeutic qualities. All this fires the imagination of course: could the church, for instance, have been built on an ancient Greek pre-Christian site where some sort of healing shrine previously existed?

That’s as much as I can muster from my own brief researches. If anyone knows more about icons of “earth” with snakes drinking from chalices, or about Panagia Forviotissa, I would be very grateful to be informed – I’d rather not just fantasize!

In Christ
Byron

Olga
05-01-2008, 12:19 PM
A brief comment for now on your post, Byron:

Mural or hanging icons of St Anastasia Pharmakolytria are not as uncommon as you think. Re the etymoliogy of phorvioi and the related feminine adjective phorviotissa, I can supply the following clues: The Greek word phorvi means fodder or forage, and is derived from words describing equine terms. For instance, phorbas is the old Greek word for mare, and phorbeia is the word for halter. I'll certainly see what I can find out regarding Panaghia Phorviotissa.

As for the mural of the earth you describe, it may be beautiful and decorative, but it seems from your description to be just that, rather than a true icon suitable for veneration. It must be remembered that the iconography of Cyprus and many of the Aegean Islands were under heavy Venetian influence in past centuries, not all of it consistent with Orthodox theology and doctrine.

Byron Jack Gaist
07-01-2008, 06:41 PM
Dear Olga,

Thank you for this information, which already puts certain things into perspective. The church at Asinou certainly has representations of the donors of the various murals next to the larger-sized saints, and the French-Venetian influences in their dress and demeanour are prominent. Nevertheless, while I didn't assume the 'icons' of earth and sea are to be venerated, the particular symbolism of serpent and chalice as described above surely does merit investigation, and is possibly more than merely decorative (if admittedly less than Orthodox)...

Also, all further info on Panaghia Forviotissa will be most welcome. Once again, many thanks for your interest and learning.

In Christ
Byron