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Byron Jack Gaist
22-04-2008, 08:56 AM
Dear all,

I came across the following interpretation of the parable of the talents:
William Herzog offers an alternative interpretation of the parables of Jesus. According to his interpretive scheme, Jesus employed parables in his verbal engagement with his contemporaries for the purpose of getting them to think about God's justice and their social responsibility. His stories expose the social inequities in Palestinian society that violate the teachings of the Torah and motivate the hearers to live and work for peace and justice.

Herzog's analysis of the parable of the talents focusses on the fact that the "man" of the story is not described as an exemplary person.[1] Much rather, this wealthy man does not deny the claim of the third servant: "thou art an hard man, reaping where thou hast not sown". The parable suggests that he is an aristocrat, a rapacious absentee-landlord, whose sole interest is maximizing his financial gain. Only the third servant refuses to participate in the game of increasing his lord's financial wealth at the costs of the poor.

When he upbraids the third servant, the aristocrat's remark shows that he himself is in violation of the Old Testament laws that Jesus seeks to defend: the third servant has wilfully refused to invest the money, which would have resulted in the aristocrat regaining his capital "with interest" (Matt. 25:27). This kind of financial transaction is forbidden in the Torah; see the biblical teaching on usury.

The servant's frank remark shows him to be a "whistle-blower". He calls the aristocrat harsh and merciless (which are not God-like qualities). He exposes the sham of what has occurred: the other servants have allowed themselves to be used for exploitative purposes, for which they will also be rewarded by the wicked aristocrat.

According to Herzog's reading, the point of the parable is to show how much it can cost for an underling to expose the truth about injustice in society. Jesus' hearers, for the most part poor villagers, would have asked themselves the difficult question about how they would behave toward an aristocrat's former helper who had become a whistle-blower and had been thrown out of rich man's household ("wailing and gnashing of teeth"). They would also learn from the parable the necessity of not isolating themselves, so as not to play into the hands of the ruling elite.

It pretty much turns things upside down, making the lazy and cowardly servant the hero of the story. As there is quite a bit of apparent logic in this reasoning, could someone explain why we Orthodox do not view it in this way? Especially the argument about gaining money through interest not being permitted in Jewish society, and the argument that the master is indeed a harsh and unjust man, both of these seem especially potent and confusing. Help!

In Christ
Byron

Herman Blaydoe
22-04-2008, 11:42 AM
This interpretation reads like a rehash of "Liberation Jesus" theology which claims that our Lord was nothing more than a social reformer in His day.

We don't accept it because it is rubbish. It does not come close to what the Fathers have commented, it is NOT the Tradition of the Church. The Fathers LIVED the Gospels, they were steeped in ascesis and inspired by the Holy Spirit, not the theological whims of the day. This is why Holy Scripture cannot be properly understood outside the Church.

Or so it seems to this bear of little brain.

Herman the Pooh

Michael Stickles
22-04-2008, 02:43 PM
The first problem is that Herzog's "aristocrat", the character he paints as wicked and exploitative, is, according to Jesus, representing the kingdom of heaven:


Matt. 25:14-15
For the kingdom of heaven is as a man travelling into a far country, who called his own servants, and delivered unto them his goods. And unto one he gave five talents, to another two, and to another one; to every man according to his several ability; and straightway took his journey.

So, to accept Herzog's interpretation is to paint a rather negative picture of God Himself.

Second, Herzog takes the fact that the master does not deny the third servant's claims as meaning he accepts the truth of them. This does not fit with how Jesus told the story:


Luke 19:20-23
"Then another servant came and said, 'Sir, here is your mina; I have kept it laid away in a piece of cloth. I was afraid of you, because you are a hard man. You take out what you did not put in and reap what you did not sow.'

"His master replied, 'I will judge you by your own words, you wicked servant! You knew, did you, that I am a hard man, taking out what I did not put in, and reaping what I did not sow? Why then didn't you put my money on deposit, so that when I came back, I could have collected it with interest?'"

It seems obvious that the master is not saying, "Yes, you're right, I am a hard man," but rather, "Even if you were right about me, your actions would be wrong." I can just hear the sarcasm in "You knew, did you ...?"

Third, regarding usury, note in the first place that the master does not say "Why then didn't you lend out my money?", but "Why then didn't you put my money on deposit?", i.e., with the bankers. In the second place, usury was only prohibited in the case of Jews lending to other Jews; Deuteronomy 23:20 clearly says "You may charge a foreigner interest, but not a brother Israelite." To assume that the master's interest would have come from poor Jews is unwarranted.

Fourth, the context argues against Herzog. In Matthew's account, Jesus had just finished discussing the signs of His coming and the end of the age (chapter 24). Then He says, "At that time the kingdom of heaven will be like ten virgins..." and relates the parable of the virgins; then He says "Again, it will be like a man going on a journey, ..." and relates the parable of the talents; and follows this up with the picture of the sheep and the goats at the judgement. This makes it clear that the parable is not focused on contemporary social justice, but on the coming kingdom of heaven. The Luke account is not in the same overall context, but the lead-in to the parable makes the same point:


While they were listening to this, he went on to tell them a parable, because he was near Jerusalem and the people thought that the kingdom of God was going to appear at once.

Fifth and finally, as Herman pointed out, this view is not supported by the testimony or traditions of the Church, nor by the writings of the Fathers who lived out the Gospel and were so full of the Holy Spirit as to joyfully embrace persecutions and even martyrdom. I, too, find their views more credible and compelling than any contemporary academic speculation.

In Christ,
Mike

Moses Ibrahim
23-04-2008, 04:26 AM
CLICK ON ME FOR ST. THEOPHYLACTUS'S COMMENTARY ON THE PARABLE OF THE TEN TALENTS (http://chrysostompress.org/gospel-commentary-pentecost16)

Byron Jack Gaist
23-04-2008, 08:02 AM
Dear Herman, Mike, and Moses,

Thanks to all of you for your excellent responses. I cannot understand how a respected professor of theology can pervert scripture in the way Herzog has done with this parable. Is it a way of getting us to look at things afresh, or merely an undermining of Christian teaching from an exalted position? To paraphrase what Freud said regarding America, "I don't hate liberation theology, I regret it"!

Once again, many thanks and all the best for the approaching feast.

In Christ
Byron

Olga
23-04-2008, 09:30 AM
I cannot understand how a respected professor of theology can pervert scripture in the way Herzog has done with this parable.

It's not difficult for someone of his denomination and his longstanding advocacy of "liberation theology". This is the sort of thing that happens when fidelity to apostolic tradition is blurred or lost.

Michael Stickles
23-04-2008, 02:38 PM
I cannot understand how a respected professor of theology can pervert scripture in the way Herzog has done with this parable. Is it a way of getting us to look at things afresh, or merely an undermining of Christian teaching from an exalted position?

I think it's more a matter of long-standing focus affecting his theological vision.

I remember when I was taking a tracking class at a wilderness survival school, and was following some fox tracks. Partway down the trail, the pattern abruptly changed, and there were two places where it looked like the left and right prints were overlapping side-by-side instead of alternating, and I couldn't figure out why. Finally, one of the instructors pointed out that those weren't fox tracks at all, but rabbit tracks crossing the trail from the side. But I had been so focused on following fox tracks that every depression in the ground was starting to look like a fox track.

I think that, most likely, Herzog has been "following the trail" of social justice/injustice and liberation theology for so long that he's developed a kind of locked-in vision, and everything looks like an instance of its "tracks". And when, as Olga mentioned, "fidelity to Apostolic tradition is blurred or lost," you no longer have an "instructor" on hand who can straighten you out when you mess up.

In Christ,
Mike

Herman Blaydoe
23-04-2008, 05:43 PM
There is also the issue of "publish or perish". In order to write something "meaningful" it must be different or startling in order to be noticed, no matter how tenuous or tortured the reasoning behind it.

Byron Jack Gaist
24-04-2008, 07:52 AM
Dear all,

Well, thankfully the Church fathers do not appear to have been adversely prompted by a need to "publish or perish", nor did they let any "long-standing focus" affect their theological vision! I just feel sorry for all those students of Herzog, and of any similarly 'radical' theology professor, who are being prevented from coming to enjoy the peaceful truth of the New Testament. I don't want to judge Herzog either (that's up to the Lord) - he may be a good Christian in many other ways for all I know. But I'm glad I'm in the apostolic Orthodox Church when I come across the sort of confusion one finds elsewhere.

In Christ
Byron